Bruce Jessen
John Bruce Jessen (born July 28, 1949)[1] is a psychologist, torturer, Air Force retiree, and former Mormon bishop who, with James Elmer Mitchell, created the so-called "enhanced interrogation techniques" that were used in the torture and interrogation of CIA detainees, as outlined in the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence's report on CIA torture.[2] In that report, he was mentioned under the pseudonym "Hammond Dunbar." His company, Mitchell Jessen and Associates earned US$81 million for its work.[3]
Contents
Career[edit]
A United States Air Force retiree, Jessen and James Mitchell were hired in 2002 by the Central Intelligence Agency to design the so-called "enhanced interrogation techniques" program.[4][5] The objectives of the program were not just to obtain intelligence, but to also break down detainees in order to get them to be compliant and submissive to authority.[6]
In 2005, Jessen and Mitchell formed a company called Mitchell Jessen and Associates, with offices in Spokane and Virginia.[7]
On October 15, 2012, Jessen was sustained as bishop of the Spokane 6th Ward of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.[8] He resigned as bishop one week later.[9]
Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture[edit]
On December 9, 2014 the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence released a report confirming the use of torture and SERE tactics in interrogations.[10] The contractors that developed the "enhanced interrogation techniques" received US$81 million for their services, out of an original contract worth more than US$180 million. NBC News identified the contractors, who were referred to in the report via pseudonyms, as Mitchell, Jessen & Associates from Spokane, Washington, which was run by two psychologists, John "Bruce" Jessen and James Mitchell. The report states that the contractor "developed the list of enhanced interrogation techniques and personally conducted interrogations of some of the CIA's most significant detainees using those techniques. The contractors also evaluated whether the detainees' psychological state allowed for continued use of the techniques, even for some detainees they themselves were interrogating or had interrogated." Mitchell, Jessen & Associates developed a "menu" of 20 enhanced techniques including waterboarding, sleep deprivation, and stress positions. John Rizzo, CIA acting general counsel, described in his book Company Man, that the techniques were "sadistic and terrifying."[11]
In 2014, The New York Times Editorial board called for the investigation and prosecution of Mitchell and Jessen for their role in developing the torture practices used by the CIA.[12] In 2015, Human Rights Watch called for the prosecution of Jessen "for [his] alleged direct participation in torture, often applied in ways beyond how it was authorized, but also for [his] role in the initial conspiracy to torture as well."[13]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ U.S. Public Records Index, Vols. 1 & 2 (Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.), 2010.
- ^ Roger Aldrich, the Al Qaeda Manual, and the Origins of Mitchell-Jessen, American Torture August 25, 2009
- ^ http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/cia-torture-report/flat-wrong-big-bucks-torture-teacher-slams-cia-report-n265656
- ^ Shane, Scott (August 11, 2009). "Interrogation Inc. - 2 U.S. Architects of Harsh Tactics in 9/11’s Wake". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
- ^ Report of the Committee on Armed Services United States Senate – Inquiry into the Treatment of Detainees in U.S. Custody April 22, 2009
- ^ Leopold Interviews Former SERE Instructor Capt. Michael Kearns About The Bush Administration’s Torture Program, The Public Record, March 24, 2011
- ^ The Story of Mitchell Jessen & Associates: How a Team of Psychologists in Spokane, WA, Helped Develop the CIA’s Torture Techniques, DemocracyNow, April 21, 2009
- ^ Camden, Jim (October 18, 2012), "Mormon church appointee aided CIA on terror", The Spokesman-Review
- ^ Brooks, Joanna (October 23, 2012), "Does Romney's Religion Condone Torture?", Religion Dispatches
- ^ United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. "The Senate Committee’s Report on the C.I.A.’s Use of Torture" December 9, 2014.
- ^ Windrem, Robert. "CIA Paid Torture Teachers More Than $80 Million". Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
- ^ "Prosecute Torturers and Their Bosses". The New York Times. 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
- ^ "No More Excuses: A Roadmap to Justice for CIA Torture". hrw.org. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
External links[edit]
- CIA Psychologist's Notes Reveal True Purpose Behind Bush's Torture Program, Truthout, Jason Leopold, Jeffrey Kaye, March 22, 2011
- The Dark Desires of Bruce Jessen, the Architect of Bush’s Torture Program, As Revealed by His Former Friend and Colleague, Andy Worthington, March 28, 2011
- Jessen.html, American Torture, Michael Otterman
- Torture Memos Link Lawyers and Psychologists, Vanity Fair, Katherine Eban, April 19, 2009
- The Story of Mitchell Jessen & Associates: How a Team of Psychologists in Spokane, WA, Helped Develop the CIA’s Torture Techniques, DemocracyNow, April 21, 2009
