People love gadgets — especially shiny new ones. Bigger screens. Faster processors. Slimmer profiles. But what happens to our mobile phones, computers and televisions when we upgrade?
Some of them end up in a place like Agbogbloshie, a vast, poisonous dump in Ghana. A former wetland turned slum, the kilometer-long stretch of land is a toxic graveyard of computers, refrigerators and other trash. German photographer Kevin McElvaney documents the young people who pick through the piles, risking their lives in exchange for the meager sums they earn harvesting copper and other valuables.
Located in the city of Accra, Agbogbloshie is known by locals as Sodom and Gomorrah for its hellish conditions and blackened ground that resembles an open sore. The scavengers, typically between 7 and 25, sift through the refuse, setting fire to piles of rubbish to remove the rubber and plastic concealing the more valuable materials within. McElvaney uses the apocalyptic setting as a backdrop for remarkably intimate portraits of the people eking out a living from discarded electronics. “I wanted to make the people the subject, not the fires,” he says.
Many of the workers are from northern Ghana or neighboring countries like Ivory Coast. They’re poor, and often see Agbogbloshie as a way to make a quick buck and move on. They work with bare hands, often in flip-flops, breathing in toxic fumes to earn an average of $2.50 a day. Though most plan to only work for a few weeks, many soon suffer from breathing problems, insomnia, nausea and crushing headaches. Cancer and other illnesses are rumored to kill many e-waste workers by their 20s. Some ease their pain with drugs, but must work the fields to buy them. “It’s a vicious cycle,” McElvaney says.
Despite the growing awareness of sites like Agbogbloshie, e-waste doesn’t seem to be slowing. According to United Nations University, the world discarded some 46 million tons of electronic gadgetry last year. Less than one-sixth was properly recycled or reused. It’s only going to get worse. Global e-waste is expected to 55.1 million tons in 2018.
China and the United States produce the most waste—32 percent of the global total last year—and some of that stuff is landing in Agbogbloshie. Jim Puckett, executive director of the Basel Action Network, a watchdog group that monitors e-waste, says he saw computers stamped with American government logos when he visited the site in 2012. Some probably were re-used but others were discarded.
“People just load up containers to places like Ghana with enough working stuff to satisfy the importers and and then the rest is junk, and that junk gets smashed,” Puckett says.
McElvaney agreed not much has changed. Nonprofit recycling programs provide jobs and a safer way to recycle copper, but lack the resources to hire everyone. Many still turn to the smoking fields.
Although his portraits have received worldwide attention, McElvaney wants to continue raising awareness. He’s built a traveling exhibition and is looking for a place to show in the United States. He’s also auctioning prints to benefit non-profits in Agbogbloshie.
“I think it’s important to keep pushing for change that has a real impact,” he says. “[Agbogbloshie and what’s happening there] is still an important issue.”
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